Tarumanagara or Taruma kingdom is a kingdom that once ruled in western Java in the 4th century until the 7th century AD Taruma is one of the oldest kingdoms in the archipelago who left the historical record. The king who once ruled and very famous in the annals is Purnawarman. In 417 he ordered the excavation and Gomati River Candrabaga (Kali Bekasi) along the 6112 spears (approximately 11 km). Finished digging, the king held a safety with menyedekahkan 1000 cows to the Brahmins.
Proof of the existence of the Kingdom of Taruma known through sources originating from within or outside the country. Sources from within the country of seven stone inscription found four in Bogor, one in Jakarta and one in Lebak, Banten.
Tugu inscription at the National Museum:
2. Sriwijaya Kingdom
Sriwijaya is ancient Melayu kingdom on the island of Sumatra that much effect on the archipelago. Initial evidence of the existence of this kingdom from the 7th century; a minister of China, I-Tsing, wrote that he visited Srivijaya in 671 for 6 months. The first inscriptions of Srivijaya also in the 7th century, the inscription Kedukan Hill in Palembang, Sumatra, in the year 683. This kingdom began to fall in the year 1200 and 1300 due to various factors, including the expansion of Majapahit kingdom. In Sanskrit, sri means "shining" and wijaya means "victory".
After Srivijaya fell, the kingdom is forgotten and historians do not know the existence of this kingdom. Sriwijaya existence is officially known in 1918 by the French historian George Coedes of the École française d'Extreme-Orient. Around the year 1992 to 1993, Pierre-Yves Manguin proved that the center of Srivijaya in the Musi River between Bukit Seguntang and Sabokingking (located in South Sumatra province, Indonesia).
Sriwijaya territory map:
Although historical records and archaeological evidence is rarely found, but some states that in the 7th century, Srivijaya had made colonization of the whole of Sumatra, West Java, and some areas in the peninsula Malays. Domination of the Straits of Malacca and Sunda straits, Srivijaya as a controller to make the trade routes of spices and local commerce charge for every ship that passed. Palembang accumulate wealth as a trading port and warehouse market serving China, Malays, and Indians.
In the year 902, the new king sent tribute to China. Two years later, the last king of the Tang Dynasty conferred the title of the messenger of Sriwijaya.
In the first half of the 10th century, between the fall of the Tang dynasty and the rise of the Song dynasty, with foreign trade is rampant, especially Fujian, Min royal and the rich countries of Guangdong, the kingdom of Nan Han. Srivijaya undoubtedly benefited from this trade. In the year 903, the Muslim writer Ibn Battuta was impressed with the prosperity of Sriwijaya. Urban areas include the kingdom of Palembang (especially Hill Seguntang), Muara Jambi and Kedah.
3. Kingdom Medang (Mataram)
Medang Kingdom is the name of a kingdom that stands in Central Java in the 8th century, then moved to East Java in the 10th century, and finally collapsed in the early 11th century. Mataram term then commonly used to name the kingdom as a whole, although not always this kingdom centered there.
Mantyasih inscription on behalf of the 907-year Balitung clearly mentions that the first king of the Kingdom of Medang (Rahyang Medang ta ri ri rumuhun Poh Pitu) is Rakai Mataram The Queen Sanjaya. Sanjaya's life story at length in the new Parahyangan Carita written hundreds of years after his death, which is about the 16th century.
Besides leaving the historical evidence of inscriptions scattered in Central Java and East Java, the kingdom of Medang also built many temples, be it a Hindu or Buddhist patterned.
Heritage temples Medang Kingdom, among others, Temple Kalasan, Plaosan Temple, Prambanan Temple, Temple Sewu, Mendut, Pawon, and of course the most colossal is the Borobudur Temple. Magnificent temple built by this Sailendrawangsa established UNESCO (United Nations) as one of the world's cultural heritage.
Borobudur:
4. Majapahit
Majapahit was an ancient kingdom in Indonesia that had stood from 1293 until around the year 1500 AD This kingdom reached the peak during the reign of Hayam Wuruk, who ruled from 1350 until 1389. Majapahit control other kingdoms on the peninsula of Malaya, Borneo, Sumatra, Bali and the Philippines.
Kingdom of Majapahit was a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that controls the last Malay Peninsula and is considered as one of the largest country in the history of Indonesia. Power lies in Sumatra, the Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Indonesia to the east, although still disputed territory.
Heritage:
Architecture
Majapahit have a real impact and sustainability in the field of architecture in Indonesia. Depictions of the pavilion (pavilion) of buildings in the capital of Majapahit in Negarakretagama book has become the inspiration for the architecture of the palace buildings and the Temple in Java and community housing complexes in Bali today.
Armament
At the time of Majapahit happened development, preservation, and dissemination techniques following keris social functions and rituals. The use of the keris as a sign of aristocratic greatness also grew during this period and extends to all around the country, especially in the west.
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