Krakatoa Eruption

Krakatoa Eruption


ISLAND KRAKATAU, Sunda Strait,
INDONESIA

26-27 August 1883
36,417 People Killed

Suddenly we saw the giant waves with extraordinary heights to the beach with a very high speed. Instantly, the sailors were in great pressure and trying to contrast in the presence of imminent danger; board faced a wave of the future direction in time. After some time, with full of suffering, we raised the speed that made dizzy. Ships mighty leap, and soon after that we felt as if I had plunged into a deep ravine.
- N. Van Sandick, engineers from the Loudon,
who survived the tsunami of Krakatau

How hard the sound of Krakatoa volcanic eruption, whether reported as the loudest sound ever heard in human history? If the eruption that occurred in Los Angeles, California, equal power with the eruption of Krakatoa, then the crack will be heard up to New Haven, Connecticut.
Other natural disasters resulted in higher death rates than Krakatoa, but the eruption of volcanic islands in Indonesia in late August of 1883 is an explosion of geophysical panoply of extraordinary excess. In fact, the power of the eruption of Krakatoa has described megnagumkan human power is very small. Can be dramatic, when compared with the power of a very small man. It could be that certain that we could theoretically destroy the planet using a combination of nuclear weapons states that have them, but we can never create a weapon whose power even just close to the eruption of Krakatoa volcano.
Krakatoa is located in the Sunda Strait, between Java and Sumatra island located in Indonesia. Throughout history, this island is uninhabited, though there are often visitors to this volcanic island.
Krakatoa's eruption was first recorded occurred in 1680. This mountain and then remained silent for more than two hundred years, until the eruption cycle began in May 1883. Inhabitants of the island of Java and Sumatra, who lived not far away this is not considered dangerous eruptions. Some people even came to this island and climb to the top of the volcano to look into the sunken kawahnya. No one was evacuated, and people continue their lives.
The summer passed.
Then, at noon Sunday, August 26, 1883, a series of huge explosions have been emanating from Krakatoa. The people around him could hear the eruptions, and ash and pumice began showering the houses and the ships in the Sunda Strait.
This went on for twenty-four hours, until the next day, when four very big explosion occurred, and the largest eruption occurred about ten o'clock, and these eruptions could be said to have rocked the world. This explosion has awakened people in South Australia, a distance of more than two thousand five hundred miles (more than 4000 km).
Krakatoa shock wave around the earth has about seven times, with speeds approaching seven hundred miles (1125 km) per hour - three times in the same direction, and four times in the opposite direction.
Krakatoa's ash cloud rise from fifty miles (80 km) into the air, and volcanic dust has been around the earth many times, there are piles of dust almost everywhere on this planet. The dust is so thick that the Sunda Strait experienced total darkness for two full days.
Krakatoa also resulted in seventeen volcanoes another smaller eruption on the island, and the combined heat of the whole of this explosion has increased the temperature of the surrounding ocean is surprising, for sixty degrees. In addition, the blanket-thick pumice ten feet (3 m) has been covered waters for miles around Java and Sumatra. This eruption also caused a tsunami - a giant wave - which has brought the greatest damage, and experienced so far as Cape Horn in South America.
Krakatoa giant waves as high as 100-120 feet (30-36 m) has taken nearly 30 coastal villages and ports, also has killed over 36,000 people, either by drowning or crushed to death when their homes collapsed. Most of the deaths caused by the lava had burned or the shock wave. Krakatau tsunami was the main killer - is very large waves that reportedly could be felt up to the United States west coast.
This explosion had drowned coastal plain area of fifty miles (80 km) square, as well as with some smaller islands in the Sunda Strait.
Dutch flagged ships cannon, Berow, in the port in the Gulf Betung Sumatra, have been swept away by the tsunami of Krakatau, was thrown into the air, and fell more than a mile inland, in a forest in Sumatra. Countless ships in the waters around Indonesia are not so lucky; mostly drowned and never appeared again.
Krakatau has sent more than five cubic miles of dust into the atmosphere, and this rock fragments remained there for two full years. This material has made mid-day sun was blue in South America, and the sun appeared green in Hawaii for many months after the eruption.
Dust is also created scenery is spectacular sunsets throughout the world for months after the eruption. Some of them are so dramatic that they seem like a huge fire in the distance.
Two months later, in October of 1883, many of New Haven, Connecticut, has called the fire department because they thought that the red glow of sunset is a very large fire out of control. Sunset is also seen in many places along the eastern coast of the United States.
Krakatoa eventually sink into the sea, has drained his energy, his strength was gone. In its place there is now a Child of Krakatoa, a volcanic island that is smaller, which formed in a small eruption in 1928, and continued to erupt periodically. Very unlikely to achieve Anak Krakatoa disaster powers like Krakatoa. An explosion with power equivalent to or larger of course possible in other places on earth, but so far, Krakatau has held the record as the largest volcanic eruptions of all time.

Borobudur, Central Java, Indonesia

The first photograph of Borobudur in 1873. Appeared on the Dutch flag the main stupa of the temple.



One of the carvings on the walls Karmawibhangga Borobudur temple (the southeast corner of the floor 0)



Restoration of the monument Borobudur temple with the help of UNESCO




Borobudur is the name of a Buddhist temple located at Borobudur, Magelang, Central Java. Location of the temple is approximately 100 km in the south-west of Semarang and 40 km northwest of Yogyakarta. This temple was founded by the Mahayana Buddhists around the year 800 AD the dynasty during the reign of Sailendra.

The name of Borobudur
Many theories attempt to explain the name of this temple. One of them states that the name is probably derived from the word Sambharabhudhara, which means "mountain" (bhudara) where the slopes are located terraces. In addition there are some other popular etymology. Suppose borobudur word comes from the word "the Buddha" is due to shift into borobudur sound. Another explanation is that the name comes from two words "coal" and "beduhur". Said coal said to have originated from the monastery, while there is also another explanation in which the coal comes from Sanskrit which means temple or monastery complex and beduhur meaning is "high", or to remind the Balinese language means "above". So the intention is a monastery or hostel located in the high ground.

Historians J.G. de Casparis in his dissertation to obtain his doctorate in 1950 argued that Borobudur is a place of worship. Based on the inscriptions and Kahulunan Karangtengah, Casparis estimates, founder of the Borobudur is the king of the dynasty named Samaratungga Syailendra around 824 AD The giant new buildings can be completed at the time of her daughter, Queen Pramudawardhani. Development of Borobudur estimated half-century time-consuming.

Borobudur Structure
Borobudur berundak punden shape, which consists of six levels of a square, three-level circular and a circular main stupa as a peak. Also scattered in all levels-the levels several stupas.

Borobudur is a ten-story clearly illustrates the Mahayana school of philosophy. like a book, Borobudur describes ten Bodhisattva levels which must pass to reach the perfection of the Buddha.

The foot of Borobudur represents Kamadhatu, the world is still dominated by kama, or "low desire". This section is mostly covered by a pile of stone that allegedly made to strengthen the construction of the temple. In the closed structures have an additional 120 panels Kammawibhangga story. A small portion was set aside additional structure so that people can still see the relief in this section.

Four floors with walls above berelief by the experts called Rupadhatu. The floor is rectangular. Rupadhatu the world who have set themselves free from lust, but is still bound by the appearance and shape. This level represents the nature of that is, between nature and the natural bottom up. In part this Rupadhatu Buddha statues found on the wall niches above ballustrade or hallway.

Start fifth to the seventh floor of the walls not berelief. This level is called Arupadhatu (which means no tangible form or not). Circular floor plan. This level represents the nature of, where people are free from all desires and the bond forms and shapes, but have not reached nirvana. Buddha statues are placed in the stupa covered with holes as in a cage. From outside the statues were still dim.

Which describes the highest level being represented by the absence of a stupa, the largest and highest. Stupa described plain without the holes. Within this the largest stupa, believed there was a statue Adibuddha representations. The statue is thought to have come from the largest stupa is now placed in an archeological museum, a few hundred meters from the Borobudur temple. This statue is known as the Buddha unfinished.

In the past, several statues of Buddha along with the 30 stone reliefs, two lions, a few times-shaped stone, stairs and gates are sent to the King of Thailand, Chulalongkorn, who visited the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia) in 1896 as a gift from the Dutch Government as that.

Borobudur has no worship spaces like the other temples. That there are long passages that are narrow streets. The hallways surrounding the walled temple level by level. In these corridors is expected Buddhist ritual walk around the temple to the right. The shape of the building without room and terraced structure is alleged is the development of berundak punden form, which is a form of original architecture from prehistoric Indonesia.

Borobudur structure when viewed from above form a mandala structure.

Borobudur structure does not use cement at all, but the Interlock system is like Lego blocks that can be attached without glue.

Relief
At every level carved reliefs on temple walls. These reliefs read as counter-clockwise or called mapradaksina in Old Javanese language derived from Sanskrit meaning is daksina east. These reliefs variety of story content, among other reliefs there about the epic Ramayana. There are also reliefs Jataka stories.

Reading of the stories are always the starting relief, and ends on the east side of the gate on each level, starting on the left and ends on the right of the gate. So obviously that the east is the ladder up the real (main) and to the top of the temple, it means that the temple facing the east while the other sides of similar right.

The composition and distribution of relief story ledge on the wall and the temple, are as follows:
Relief Chart
Level position / location Relief Story Number Frames
----- Original foot temple Karmawibhangga 160 frames
Level I - walls a. 120 frames Latitawistara
------- - ----- B. Jataka / awadana 120 frames
------- - Ledge a. Jataka / awadana 372 frames
------- - ----- B. Jataka / awadana 128 frames
Level II - wall frame Gandawyuha 128
-------- - Ledge Jataka / awadana 100 frames
Level III - 88 frames Gandawyuha wall
-------- - 88 frames Gandawyuha ledge
Level IV - 84 frames Gandawyuha wall
-------- - 72 frames Gandawyuha ledge
1460 -------- -------- Number of frames

In sequence, the story of the temple reliefs in ringkat significantly as follows:

Karmawibhangga
One of the carvings on the walls Karmawibhangga Borobudur temple (the southeast corner of the floor 0) In accordance with the symbolic meaning of the foot of the temple, reliefs that decorated the walls of these hidden shelf, described the law of karma. Rows of relief is not a story series (series), but in each frame describes a story that has a causal correlation. Relief is not only give you an idea of human moral turpitude accompanied by penalties that will get, but also the human good deeds and reward. As a whole is a depiction of human life in the circle of birth - life - death (samsara) that never ends, and by the Buddhist tersebutlah chain which will be ended to to perfection.

Lalitawistara
History is a depiction of the Buddha in a row of relief (but not a complete history) which starts from the Buddha's descent from heaven Tusita, and ends with the first sermon in the Deer Park near the city of Banaras. These reliefs lined the stairs on the south side, after a row exceeded the relief of 27 frames starting from the east side of the stairs. 27 frame to describe the activity, both in heaven and on earth, in preparation to welcome the presence of the last incarnation as the candidate of the Bodhisattvas are Buddhist. Reliefs depicts the birth of the Buddha in this arcapada as Prince Siddhartha, son of the King and Queen Maya Suddhodana of State Kapilavastu. Relief amount to 120 frames, which ended with the first discourse, which is symbolically expressed as play Wheel of Dharma, the Buddha's teaching is called dharma also means "law", while represented as a wheel of dharma.

Jataka and Awadana
Jataka tales are stories of the Buddha before he was born as Prince Siddharta. Protrusion of the contents is the subject of good works, which distinguishes the Bodhisattvas from any other creature. Indeed, the collection service / good deed is the preparation stage in an attempt to keringkat the buddha's.

Awadana while basically similar to the Jataka but the culprit is not the Bodhisattvas, but other people and the stories collected in the book which means Diwyawadana sainthood noble deeds, and the book of a hundred stories Awadanasataka or Awadana. In the reliefs of Borobudur temple and awadana Jataka, treated the same, meaning they are in the same row without a distinguishable. The set of the most famous of the life of the Bodhisattvas is Jatakamala or strands Jataka stories, Aryasura and poet who lived in the 4th century AD.

Gandawyuha
Is a row of reliefs decorate the walls of the hall to the 2, is the story of a wandering Sudhana tirelessly in his quest for knowledge about the Supreme Truth by Sudhana True. Description of the frame 460 based on Mahayana Buddhist scripture entitled Gandawyuha, and for the lid on the story of another Bhadracari.

Stages of development of Borobudur
The first stage
Construction period is not known certainly Borobudur (estimated between 750 and 850 AD). Initially built-storey apartment layout. It seems designed as a pyramid berundak. but later changed. As evidence of stacking order dismantled.

The second stage
Borobudur foundation widened, plus two square steps and one step directly circle given a large parent stupas.

Third stage
Steps up the circle with a large main stupa dismantled and removed and replaced by three railroad circles. Stupas built on top of these steps with a large stupa in the middle.

Stage four
There are small changes like making relief changes and curved stairs above the door.

Overview of time the process of restoration of Borobudur Temple
The first photograph of Borobudur in 1873. Flag of the Netherlands looked at the main stupa candi.1814 - Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, Governor-General of the United Kingdom in Java, heard of the discovery of archaeological objects in the village of Borobudur. Raffles ordered H.C. Cornelius to investigate the discovery site, a hill covered with shrubs.
1873 - The first monograph published about the temple.
1900 - Dutch East Indies government established a committee of the restoration and maintenance of Borobudur temple.
1907 - Theodoor van Erp led the restoration until 1911.
1926 - Borobudur restored again, but stopped in 1940 due to malaise and the crisis of World War II.
1956 - Indonesian government requested the assistance of UNESCO. Prof. Dr. C. Coremans came to Indonesia from Belgium to investigate the causes of damage to Borobudur.
1963 - Indonesian government issued a decree to restore Borobudur, but the mess after the event G-30-S.
1968 - at the conference-15 in France, UNESCO agreed to provide assistance to rescue Borobudur.
1971 - Indonesian government established a body chaired by the restoration of Borobudur Prof.Ir.Roosseno.

Restoration of the monument Borobudur temple with the help of UNESCO1972 - International Consultative Committee was formed with the involvement of various countries and Roosseno as chairman. UNESCO-sponsored committees provide 5 million U.S. dollars from the cost of 7750 million dollar restoration of the United States. The rest covered Indonesia.
August 10, 1973 - President Soeharto inaugurated the start of the restoration of Borobudur; restoration was completed in 1984
January 21, 1985 - bomb attacks that destroyed some of the stupa at Borobudur Temple, it was soon restored. The attack carried out by an extreme Islamic group led by Habib Husein Ali Alhabsyi.
1991 - Borobudur designated as a UNESCO World Heritage.

The eruption of Tambora in 1815 and Year Without Summer

The eruption of Tambora in 1815 and
Year Without Summer

SUMBAWA, INDONESIA; THEN THE WHOLE WORLD



5 April 1815 - until the Spring of 1817
More than 150,000 People Killed
Billions in losses form a Damaged Rice
and Ruin Other

Three separate fires lump rising up so high, and entire surface of the mountain was once covered by the incandescent lava, which expanded to a great distance; the stones, among others for the head, falling within the scope of the diameter of several kilometers, and the fragments spread in the air has resulted in total darkness ... ash released so much that lead to total darkness in Java, a distance as far as 310 miles (500 km). This ash resulting total darkness at noon
, and covering the ground and the roof with a layer several inches thick.
- Sir Stamford Raffles, Governor General Java¹ --

Snow began falling around 8 o'clock in the morning - down with rain and drizzle until after 14:00 o'clock. Peaks have been crowned by the snow on each side. The most dismal weather and incredible I've ever seen.
- Bennington, Vermont, farmer Benjamin Harwood,
in his diary early in June 1816²


Nuclear Winter

If the flying missiles, and unimaginable event occurs, then the human race does not just have to face death and destruction that has been caused by nuclear, but also should (according to many renowned scientists, including Carl Sagan) nuclear winter.
Nuclear explosions can produce temperatures ranging from 5400 to 7200 degrees Fahrenheit (2980-3980 ° C). Almost all items will burn at this temperature, and if the burning material is organic (human, tree), then the resulting smoke, thick and unhealthy for the breathing, maybe it is not toxic. However, if the material was burned plastic, or glass, or chemicals, or synthetic materials, the gas produced and appeared in the form of smoke may be quite deadly.
Nuclear winter - embezzlement and cooling the atmosphere around the world - will happen when the smoke from one or more nuclear explosions, blocking sunlight reaching the ground, causing a drastic decrease in temperature, rice death everywhere, so do the strange weather that can be snow storms, summer, and a polluted fog.
Nuclear winter that will destroy life forms innumerable, and since has been estimated that Nuclear war between the United States and Russia or China would kill at least one billion people at once, then the nuclear winter that followed believed would kill a billion more.
In 1816, the northeastern United States has obtained the study - in a very small scale - about anything connected with the nuclear winter when the English and the Atlantic coast suffered a year without a summer punctuated by.
Why in June (summer should be) of snow has fallen in Connecticut?
Why is there frost in July in New Hampshire?
The answer is because Mount Tambora Fire located on Sumbawa Island in Indonesia has erupted in the previous year, the volcano spewed ash in the largest amount in the air, in history. Require 104 years for scientists to understand the connection that happens; in 1920 they finally succeeded, and since then, there are explanations for the year without a summer - and a new understanding of the effects could be caused by volcanic eruptions on Earth weather.


Tambora



Everyone thought that Tambora had become extinct. But it is not the case. On April 5, 1815, as tall as Goliath thirteen thousand feet of this (+ 3960 m) have been built and issued a series of echoes roar his presence, and heard in the distance thousands of miles. For five days, the mountain spewed ash in the amount that could demolish the houses in Sumbawa because of its weight. Ash is thick and impenetrable by the sun so that the inhabitants of the island could hardly see his hand in front of their faces. On April 10, culminating with the eruption cloud was a very large fire, which twisted to one another and established on the mountain lit.
This incident was followed by a hurricane, which may be similar to the phenomenon of meteorological storm of fire - a fire storm that formed during forest fires is very great. Like a vacuum, this chaos has swept humans, animals and houses, flying into the air. Living things mutilated and burned, inanimate objects were destroyed and torn apart into pieces innumerable.
Strength exceeds the ability of Tambora eruption of the mountain and the island where the mountain stands. As this mountain releasing tons of rock, lava, and ash, the mountain began to shrink, from thirteen thousand feet (3960 m) to nine thousand feet (2740 m), and ironically the surface of the island began to rise, the ash piled several inches . Ash that has a depth of more than three feet (90 m +), also sucking water around Sumbawa - and finish the work of destruction of human Tambora in its range. Ash had killed all the vegetables, and starvation soon to follow, combined with a cholera epidemic, has increased the number of 80,000 deaths where 12,000 people were killed instantly during the eruption.


Eruption Without Summer

One observer thought that the Tambora eruption of ash that has been issued by this volcano, if distributed evenly will probably cover the whole of Germany. Most of the ash did not fall to the ground, but remains in the atmosphere, and began traveling around the world carried by the wind.
A very large cloud has led to decreasing temperature of the earth, and the destruction of the summer rice began yellowing in Europe and the UK.
Temperature in June was far below normal, and contributed to the damage that was caused by prolonged drought. The farmers began to take the road to feed them corn harvest could on their cattle, so as not to lose their flocks. In Switzerland, the people who have eaten the starving dogs and cats are lost. The farmers of New York was forced to dig a potato plant that had just planted to feed their families.

Summer frost has killed the strange set of rice soon this trick planted crops

. People began to hunt raccoon (mammal like cats) and pigeons to eat. Hunger and disease are estimated to have increased the number of dead is almost as much as 50,000, the overall number of deaths Tambora Mountain, although at that time no one who understands the link between the year without summer and volcanic eruptions that were located thousands of miles, and broke hundreds of days in period then this.
Even though they understand it, the farmers seem to nineteenth-century England was a quiet and stoic would not have believed.




1 Karen Farrington, Natural Disasters, 44.
2 Keith Heidom, "Eighteen Hundred and froze to Death," The Weather Doctor in http://www.Islandnet.com/-see/weather/history/1816.htm.

Tanah Lot Bali Full Legend and Spiritual Concept

When you come to the island of Bali, it's not complete if you do not have to visit Tanah Lot, located in the Village District Beraban Kediri Tabanan, about 13 km west of Tabanan. Tanah Lot is a tourism which is very close to the tradition of magical Bali. Here you will find two temple which is located above the two large stones. Pura Tanah Lot is located on the bongkahan stone, while in the north, there is a temple located on top of the cliffs that stick to the sea. Tebing connect this temple with the land and shaped like a bridge (curve).

For the Pura Tanah Lot Bali is considered as one of the islands that have an important role because it is used as part of the temple Kayangan Sad, which is ostensibly held as a joint-joint Bali island. Pura Tanah Lot temple specially built for the sea, namely the cult of the god guards the sea.

This also held temple built by a Brahmin called Javanese origin Danghyang Nirartha that will strengthen the belief of the teachings of Hindu and build Sad Kayangan in the century to 16. But he was forced to leave by Land Lot Bendesa Beraben, the ruler at that time, because to him jealous. At the time of this leave the Brahmin Tanah Lot with kesaktiannya he bongkahan move a rock into the sea and build a temple there.

Not everyone is allowed into this temple. The tourists may only melongok down from the temple. Only those who want to pray or conduct religious activities are permitted into the temple. Temple is also very closely related to 2 other holy places in Tabanan, the Pura and Pura Luhur Batukaru Tasik navel where Pura Luhur Batukaru trusted as a phallus (purusa) and Pura Tanah Lot as Yoni (ocean). Perpaduannya a trusted source of life that bring prosperity to the people there.

Not only that. In the north temple, precisely in the cave under the cliffs, there are snakes that dikeramatkan. Poisonous snake flat black is trusted as a yellow shawl Dang Hyang Nirartha irrespective of time and to be imprisoned are now the temple guards. In this place, there are sources of fresh water called Tirta Pabersihan used as a means of seeking purity.

Tanah Lot is renowned as a beautiful place to see the sunset (sunset). For that you have Sunset Terrace, a place where the visitor terfavorit. There are about 10 restaurants that can be a choice in the area. Not only that, from the parking lot to the temple area found many art shops, food stalls and other than the tavern. Spesially, enjoy the sunset at Tanah Lot is conducted with a variety of different ways. Extent that up to 11 hectares of this is to give more choices to enjoy the sunset position. In addition, not only you can visit Luhur Pura Tanah Lot, but there are seven others in the temple of this place, among them is Pura Batu precisely, upgrading Pura, Pura Jero Kandang, Enjung Galuh Pura, Pura Batu Mejan, Luhur Pekendungan Pura and Pura Hyang fire.

Because of the historical background so close to the people of Hindu belief, it is not surprising Tanah Lot is also one of the spiritual destination for Hindu people from different countries. In addition to the usual Hindu Odalan or feast in the Temple is once every 210 days, the same as in the quasi-other. Fall close to the Galungan and Kuningan, precisely on the Day of the Holy Buddha Cemeng Langkir. At that time, many people will worship in this Temple.

But without a definitive Bali Tanah Lot is not complete. In magic atmosphere that feels strong, but also incredible beauty that is the attractiveness of Tanah Lot.



Here also is the place to shop and even a place to create temporary tatto

Sibandang Island

Sibandang Island

Sibandang island is the second largest island after Samosir island inside Sumatera’s. It is beautified by the view of Lake Toba surrounds it. Occurs isolated from the teeming society in general, this serene island is still part of North Tapanuli in the region of Muara. It is 1.194 ha in width with 2.551 people, and 900 m from the edge of Muara.

Sibandang Island is well known as mango island. It is named so not for its mango like shape but after its plantation. The society commonly owns a wide mango field. They are living on farming mango. Should you feel like eating mango you are more than welcome to enjoy Sibandang’s sweet mangos.

Sibandang island can be openly seen from Sipincur or Huta Ginjang; two high hills around Sibandang island. Its charm obviously sprinkles with the clear lake viewed from the two aforementioned hills.

While now visitors can go into the island by boat or ships, the government might have been thinking of building hang gliders from Huta Ginjang to this seems isolated but interesting island. Then people won’t rely only on just farming and fishing but tourism and trade as well. Consequently people’s economic status can be raised to prosperous society.

As area residing in lakeside of Toba, Sibandang Island is not as noisy as Parapat, Balige, and also Porsea. Sibandang Island more calm compared wirh other towns which still reside around of Toba Lake. If you are interested to visit Sibandang Island, there are two alternative land ways, which can be gone through, that are :

• First route passing Bakara

If we moving from Medan , the first route can we reach from Medan - Berastagi - Merek - Sumbul - Tele - Dolok Sanggul - Bakara and gone through Muara. Distance between Muara and Bakara is about 12 Km. From Muara, we can across to Sibandang Island with boat, which about 900 meter from Muara. Tourist can use reguler ship from Muara to Sibandang Island, or rent a boat if we want to visit it.

• Second route passing Balige

The second road can we reach from Medan - Parapat - Porsea - Balige gone through to Siborong-borong. On the way to Siborong-borong, there is a branch three (Muara branch) joint Balige - Siborong-borong - Muara, about 14 Km from Balige. From this branch, we can continue to Muara with distance about 21 Km, and across to Sibandang Island. Tourist can use reguler ship from Muara to Sibandang Island, or rent a boat to reach it.

Sasando Traditional Music Instruments from Rote

Indonesia so rich with a variety of arts spectacular areas, including in a variety of musical instruments with traditional uniqueness bunyiannya. One of the musical instrument that should be seriously considered to be fixed is a tool instrument quotation origin Rote island, East Nusa Tenggara called Sasando, a peak achievement of found art music since 15 century.

Form sasando quotation similar to other instruments such as guitar, violin and harp. But keunikannya is that the major part sasando tubular harp long as that is usually made of bamboo. Sasando have a media voice reflector made of tree leaves Gebang (a kind of tree that many Lontar grow on the island of Timor and the island of Rote) dilekuk into the half circle. Place string-string made of bamboo tied to the hard, the storm chord tones as well as the string is also made of bamboo. Bamboo stem is tied ago Gebang integrates with the leaves made a circle line. Sasando tube is located in a vessel made from a kind of plaited leaves Lontar made as fan. This vessel is the resonance sasando.

Beep sasando very unique, as compared to a normal guitar sasando more varied. Do not be fooled, this is because sasando have a 28 string. That is not easy to play Sasando because Sasando a player must be able to create a rhythm and feeling the sound of the tone right from the whole string is. Sasando with 28 chord is called single Sasando, while type 56 has a double Sasando chord, even a 84 string.

How to play with Sasando is quoted as play guitar. Sasando but does not have a chord (the key) and senarnya must be with two hands, so that more similar harp. Until now almost all the materials used to make Sasando is original material, except Sasando chord. Sasando at this time had already started in the modification. Reflector of the sound of leaves Gebang spul have been replaced with the electric guitar to the stem of the bamboo Sasando. Of Sasando this model can only issue a clarion sound system with the help.

Foreign usually almost all types of music can be played with Sasando: traditional music, pop, slow rock even Dangdut.

In fact, not many people who are able to play this musical instrument. Those parents who are always proud to play Sasando for their children or in traditional ceremonies, complete with hat TiiLangga, traditional clothing and dance, many are already dead. Meanwhile the younger generation are not interested just to know let alone learn to play.

Legend Sasando

Sasando sunggguh has become the identity of Rote. Sasando tale that has a story we should see. Sasando comes from the word sari (quotation) and sando (vibrate), which is believed Sanggu Ana created on 15-th century on a small island near the island of Rote, the Island Fund, which was mastered Raja Taka La'a. Sanggu is a citizen on the island of Nusa Ti'i Rote Barat Daya. He was arrested at the King Fund stranded on the island while fishing with friends, Mankoa. In addition to a fisherman, Sanggu also an artist.

At that time the King has a daughter Dana. Girls love to Sanggu. To Sanggu, daughter delivered the request to have a new musical instrument created Sanggu and can entertain people. Daughter is like making fun of people when full moon comes.

Sanggu then create sando essence means that vibrate at quoted. At that time with seven ropes made of bark fiber or root-akaran. Relationship with the daughter of King discovered that Sanggu Fund. Taka La'a the King of angry and punitive Sanggu dead.

Friend Sanggu who had fled, Mankoa, report the incident to the Nusa Ti'i. Children Sanggu in Ti'i, Nale Sanggu, angry to hear her father died. Nale revenge Ti'i knight with 25. Dana Island Seisi destroyed, only children and sasando musical instrument that his father's legacy to be saved Ti'i.

In Ti'i sasando modified, a nine strap. "Music can not consist of five mi, sol, la, do, re. Si fa and does not have, "said Nggebu.

At the time of the Netherlands, 18-century, plus a number of belt strap 10. Free to return after the changes by adding a belt strap 11. In the 19th century, sasando sasando haik is modified by a sasando violin Ti'i son named Kornelis Frans. Called sasando violin because when creating a customized nadanya violin tone.

Number of rope into 39 pieces and the basic tone not to be seven. Tim Cross to East-West, Nggebu show sasando own violin that has been modified. Space resonansinya no longer use haik, but replaced the wood and connected so that the amplifier mouthed.

Sasando will take you to visit and enjoy the beautiful island of Rote.

KERIS Traditional Indonesia’s Weapon

Keris is one of Indonesian’s traditional weapon, especiallyJavanese. Since 40th Century, Indonesia people has been using this weapon for any kind of purpose. In ancient times, they used it during war time to defend themselves, or as symbolic icon for a kingdom or an empire. In modern times, it has now become prestigious collections and heritage from their ancestors, and some believes that Keris has “a mystic power” of it’s own thus, is believe to be able to bring luck or protections to it’s bearer.

Every Keris is custom made. Created by it’s creator, the “Empu”, keris is made based on specific order and is talking the bearer characters into consideration during the making. Therefore, it has it’s own name, it’s own style and is made made based on specific purposes. Each of this weapon has it’s own rishfulness and characteristic. Not only of their appearance, but every keris is made with full integrity and is contain a lot of faith put by their creator.

That is why this weapon is very special and most of the time, you can feel it’s mystical aura, the first time you saw it.


Keris Luk 13

Dapur : Naga Sastra
Pamor : Wos Wutah
Tanguh : Mataram Senopaten
Wrangka : Branggah Jogjakarta

Naga Sastra is one of the name (Dapur) of Keris with Luk 13. it’s “Gendik”(handle) styles is in the shape of dragon’s head. It’s body straight away to the table of “pucuk bilah”. Although it is hardly to find, the most legendary one of the “Dapur” Keris of this kind is “Keris Naga Sastra Tangguh Tua”. Mostly, Keris “Dapur Naga Sastra” adorned with gold “Kinatah”, so the the style reflects the Glorius and Powerfull.

This Keris has it’s own style with slender blade that resembling mostly of Keris Mataram Senopaten Style. It is similar to Majapahit KEris, but the iron and the “pamor” arrangement is different. The style of the “Wadidhang” shows that it is a Mataram Senopaton’s Style.

This stylecame from the end of Majapahit Empire or beginning era of Mataram Senopaten’s Empire (end of 15 century or beginning of it century) this Keris used to have “Kinantah Kamoragan” (with gold slide) but along with the passing time it has been slide off. But as one assembly, this keris Dapur Naga Sastra is indicated as a snake and also known as Keris Dapur Sisik Sewu.

In Javanese Culture, Dragon is a reflection of protector. That is whywe could find many of these image at Hindu temple’s entrance or in other ornamented that was built in ancient tie. Beside believed as protector, image of a Dragon also reflects Power that is why Keris with Dapur Naga Sastra is perceived to be the most powerfull and most valuable than other Keris.

Keris Luk 7

Dapur : Carubuk
Pamor : Tumpal Keli
Tangguh : Blambangan
Wrangka : Branggah Jogja Kayu Cendana
Pondok : Slorok Jogja Perak

In Javanese terminology, 7 is called “Pitu” or “Pitulangan” which means Help or Rescue.

In the Golden age of Majapahit Empire (estimed in 15th century), Malaka’s Canal is known as a trade center.

During that era, a lot of people around the world used this canal as a trading passage. However, as a business center in this area, they were also facing problems from pirates which threatened this busy line.

To fight the pirates and to provide security for the surrounding area, Majapahit’s Emperor dedicater “Keris Carubuk Tumpal Keli Blambangan” as a symbol to fight against pirates, with expectation that Sultan Malaka would have them to secure the Malaka’s Canal from this pirates, honoring the Maja pahit’s effort to provide security.

Finally, Sultan Malaka provided rescue team to secure Malaka’s Canal area from the pirates. After that, The Malaka’s Canal is back to normal.